In an alarming report released in October 2023, the Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) has warned that the threat posed by falling satellites is on the rise, with the potential for injury or even fatalities occurring as often as once every two years. The FAA’s findings come amid growing concerns about space debris, particularly the expansion of SpaceX’s Starlink satellite constellation.

The Growing Risk from Space Debris

The report points to the rapid increase in the number of satellites, particularly from SpaceX, as a major driver of this emerging threat. SpaceX has already deployed over 5,000 Starlink satellites, with plans to launch thousands more in the coming years. According to the FAA, by 2035, the skies could see as many as 28,000 individual satellite components re-entering Earth’s atmosphere annually. The risk of one of these satellites surviving re-entry and causing harm on the ground is estimated at 0.6 per year, which translates to a significant safety hazard every two years.

The report also highlighted a new area of concern—potential risks to air travel. The probability of a satellite collision with an aircraft could rise to 0.0007 per year by 2035, raising safety concerns for passengers and crew in the skies.

Regulation Gaps and the Need for International Cooperation

One of the critical issues raised by the FAA is the lack of comprehensive international regulations governing space activity. The FAA currently lacks jurisdiction over launches conducted outside the U.S., which leaves a regulatory gap as space activity increasingly involves multiple nations and private companies. The report emphasizes the urgent need for increased global cooperation and stricter regulation to address the growing space debris problem.

While SpaceX is the primary focus of the FAA’s concerns—accounting for over 85% of the risk to people on the ground—the report also warns that other satellite projects, such as China’s Guowang space internet initiative, could contribute to the issue in the future. Without coordinated international regulation, the dangers posed by falling satellites will continue to grow.

SpaceX’s Response to the FAA’s Report

SpaceX has responded to the FAA’s findings by challenging the report’s methodology and conclusions. David Goldstein, SpaceX’s principal engineer, stated that the company’s satellites are designed to burn up upon re-entry, minimizing the risk to human life. Goldstein criticized the report, claiming that it is based on flawed assumptions that overstate the actual danger posed by SpaceX’s Starlink constellation.

Nevertheless, the FAA’s report has intensified calls for action. With space becoming more congested and the stakes rising for human safety on both the ground and in the air, the need for a unified, international approach to space debris management has never been more pressing. As the world looks to the skies, swift action and regulatory reform are essential to ensuring the safety of future generations.